Doctor sleep wikipedia -

 
Doctor Sleep, 2019-yilda Mike Flanagan tomonidan ishlangan, Warner Bros. Pictures tomonidan tarqatilgan Amerika dahshatli filmi. Manbalar [ tahrir | manbasini tahrirlash ] ↑ „Can 'The Shining' Sequel 'Doctor Sleep' Awaken the Box Office?“ .. Lenovopress

Doctor Sleep (comercializado tamén co título Stephen King's Doctor Sleep) é un filme estadounidense de 2019 dirixido por Mike Flanagan. Baséase na novela homónima de 2013 escrita por Stephen King, unha secuela doutra novela de King, The Shining. O filme, que tamén é unha secuela directa do filme The Shining, dirixido por Stanley Kubrick ... Violet Elizabeth McGraw is an American child actress. She began acting at the age of five, with her debut credited role being a recurring role in the 2016 television series Love as Nina, and her first feature film being in 2018's Ready Player One.In 2019 she was nominated for an OFTA Television Award for Best Ensemble in a Motion …Before I Go to Sleep is a 2014 mystery psychological thriller film written and directed by Rowan Joffé and based on the 2011 novel of the same name by S. J. Watson. [6] An international co-production between the United Kingdom, the United States, France and Sweden, the film stars Nicole Kidman, Mark Strong, Colin Firth, and Anne-Marie Duff .A sleep disorder, or somnipathy, is a medical disorder of an individual's sleep patterns. Some sleep disorders are severe enough to interfere with normal physical, mental, social and emotional functioning. Sleep disorders are frequent and can have serious consequences on patients’ health and quality of life. Polysomnography …Sleep medicine is a medical specialty or subspecialty devoted to the diagnosis and therapy of sleep disturbances and disorders. [1] . From the middle of the 20th century, research …Alexandra Essoe (born March 9, 1992) is a Canadian actress who has appeared predominantly in horror films. Essoe had her first lead role in the 2014 American horror film Starry Eyes, and she had a starring role in the 2017 American horror film Midnighters. She has collaborated several times with director Mike Flanagan, playing Wendy Torrance in …John Anderson (Dr. Sleep) John W. Anderson (aka Dr. Sleep ), born on November 7, 1956, was an American game designer, level designer, and writer. In April of 2018, Dr. Sleep passed away due to pneumonia. [1] He was best known in the Doom community for his Inferno series of maps, originally conceived as a full episode …Film Review: ‘Doctor Sleep’ Stephen King's 2013 sequel to 'The Shining' gets turned into a film that's long and prosaic but also creepy and scary: a tale of ghosts, cults, and child murder ...Doctor Sleep) амерички је натприродни хорор филм из 2019. године писца и редитеља Мајка Фланагана. Заснован је на истоименом роману из 2019. године Стивена Кинга који је наставак Кинговог романа ...Sleep can follow a physiological or behavioral definition. In the physiological sense, sleep is a state characterized by reversible unconsciousness, special brainwave patterns, sporadic eye movement, loss of muscle tone (possibly with some exceptions; see below regarding the sleep of birds and of aquatic mammals), and …John Anderson (Dr. Sleep) John W. Anderson (aka Dr. Sleep ), born on November 7, 1956, was an American game designer, level designer, and writer. In April of 2018, Dr. Sleep passed away due to pneumonia. [1] He was best known in the Doom community for his Inferno series of maps, originally conceived as a full episode …Bradley Trevor was a resident of Bankerton, Iowa, he was an eleven year old boy who played baseball, and was recognized for it a lot. Like Danny Torrance and Abra Stone, he also had the shining. On his way home, he was kidnapped by The True Knot, which resulted in him being brutally and graphically tortured to death by them in order to …Doctor Sleep ou Docteur Sleep au Québec (Doctor Sleep) est un film d'horreur psychologique américain réalisé, écrit et monté par Mike Flanagan, sorti en 2019. 2019. (as actor) Known for. The Shining. Spouse. Jessi Diana Brackett. Children. 4. Daniel Edward Sidney Lloyd (born October 13, 1972) is an American former child actor, best known for his role as Danny Torrance in the horror film The Shining (1980), an adaptation of Stephen King 's 1977 novel of the same name. Michael J. Breus, PhD. Michael J. Breus, PhD, is a clinical psychologist and both a diplomate of the American Board of Sleep Medicine and a fellow of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine. He was ... Oct 31, 2019 · But Doctor Sleep, a belated sequel to The Shining, wants viewers to care about the boy’s fate – and, surprisingly, it succeeds. Credible in its characterisation, rich in mythological detail ... Carel Struycken ( Dutch pronunciation: [ˈkaːrəl ˈstrœy̯kə (n)]; born 30 July 1948) is a Dutch actor. He is known for playing the Giant/Fireman in the television series Twin Peaks (1990–1991, 2017 ), the occasional guest role of Mr. Homn in Star Trek: The Next Generation (1987–1992), and the household butler Lurch in the 1990s Addams ... The Third Doctor is an incarnation of the Doctor, the protagonist of the British science fiction television series Doctor Who.He was portrayed by actor Jon Pertwee.Within the series' narrative, the Doctor is a centuries-old alien Time Lord from the planet Gallifrey who travels in time and space in the TARDIS, frequently … Por que ele estava interessado em dirigir o Doctor Sleep, Flanagan afirmou: "Ele aborda os temas mais atraentes para mim, que são os traumas de infância que levam à idade adulta, o vício, o colapso de uma família e os efeitos posteriores, décadas depois." [9] De junho a novembro de 2018, o elenco foi montado. [10] [11] 2019. (as actor) Known for. The Shining. Spouse. Jessi Diana Brackett. Children. 4. Daniel Edward Sidney Lloyd (born October 13, 1972) is an American former child actor, best known for his role as Danny Torrance in the horror film The Shining (1980), an adaptation of Stephen King 's 1977 novel of the same name.Rose the Hat (real name Rose O'Hara) is a major antagonist of the Stephen King multiverse. She serves as main antagonist of Doctor Sleep (the sequel to The Shining), and its 2019 film adaptation of the same name (sequel to the 1980 film adaptation). She is the leader of The True Knot. As a rube, she was known as Rose O'Hara, and was from …English. Doctor Sleep, also known as Close Your Eyes, is a 2002 British thriller film directed by Nick Willing, based on the novel of the same name written by American … Doctor Sleep is a 2019 American supernatural horror film written and directed by Mike Flanagan. It is based on the 2013 novel of the same name by Stephen King, a sequel to King's 1977 novel The Shining. It is the second film in The Shining franchise. The film, which also serves as a sequel to the 1980 film adaptation of The Shining, directed by Stanley Kubrick, is set several decades after the ... Sleep No More (Doctor Who) ... "Sleep No More" is the ninth episode of the ninth series of the British science fiction television series Doctor Who. It was first ...Doctor Sleep. Rated R. Ambient evil. Running time: 2 hours 31 minutes. Doctor Sleep. Find Tickets. When you purchase a ticket for an independently reviewed film through our site, we earn an ...Sleep medicine is a medical specialty or subspecialty devoted to the diagnosis and therapy of sleep disturbances and disorders. [1] . From the middle of the 20th century, research …Celebrate sleep with Dr. Seuss’s classic rhyming good-night picture book. Van Vleck, a very small bug, is getting sleepy, and his yawn—contagious as yawns are—sets off a chain reaction, making all those around him feel sleepy, too! With typically Seussian nods to alarm clocks, sleepwalking, and snoring, this charming ode to …Benjamin Spock. Benjamin McLane Spock (May 2, 1903 – March 15, 1998) was an American pediatrician [1] and left-wing political activist [2] whose book Baby and Child Care (1946) is one of the best-selling books of the twentieth century, selling 500,000 copies in the six months after its initial publication in 1946 and 50 million by the time of ...Pediatrics (also spelled paediatrics or pædiatrics) is the branch of medicine that involves the medical care of infants, children, adolescents, and young adults.In the United Kingdom, paediatrics covers many of their youth until the age of 18. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends people seek pediatric care through the age of 21, but some …Conrad Robert Murray (born February 19, 1953) is a Grenadian-American former cardiologist who was the personal physician of Michael Jackson, providing medical treatment to help him sleep on the day Jackson died in 2009. In 2011, Murray was convicted of involuntary manslaughter in Jackson's death for having inadvertently overdosed him …Doctor Sleep is a 2013 horror novel by Stephen King.It is a sequel to the events that occurred in King’s popular novel The Shining and features the return of Danny Torrance.Decades after the horrors at the Overlook Hotel, Dan Torrance must now reckon with the renewed threat of the spirits. When the novel begins, the dead woman from the …At home, the family is unable to sleep. On her way to work, Jill observes that the whole neighborhood is awake. Psychiatrist Dr. Murphy explains that people ...Robin McLaurin Williams (July 21, 1951 – August 11, 2014) was an American actor and comedian. Known for his improvisational skills and the wide variety of characters he created on the spur of the moment and portrayed on film, in dramas and comedies alike, he is regarded as one of the greatest comedians of all time. He received …The longer director’s cut of Doctor Sleep adds a whole 30-minute storyline. And Mike Flanagan’s changes make for a better, more empathetic movie that adds to Stephen King’s entire Shining ...Doctor Sleep ist ein 2013 erschienener Horror-Roman des amerikanischen Schriftstellers Stephen King. Die deutsche Übersetzung von Bernhard Kleinschmidt erschien unter identischem Titel ebenfalls 2013. Der Roman erzählt die Geschichte von Danny Torrance aus dem 1977 erschienenen Shining weiter.Jul 15, 2020 · The three-hour version of Doctor Sleep is divided up into six sections with the inclusion of six title cards interspersed throughout the cut, with names “Old Ghosts,” “Empty Devils ... Doctor Sleep is a 2019 horror film based on Stephen King's novel of the same name, which is a sequel to The Shining.The film itself is a sequel to Stanley Kubrick's 1980 film adaptation of The Shining.It was written and directed by Mike Flanagan and stars Ewan McGregor, Kyliegh Curran, and Rebecca Ferguson.. Still scarred by the trauma he …Download Wikipedia for Android or iOS Save your favorite articles to read offline, sync your reading lists across devices and customize your reading experience with the official Wikipedia app. Google Play Store; Apple App Store; Commons Freely usable photos & more. Wikivoyage Free travel guide.Jocelin Donahue (born November 8, 1981) is an American actress. She played the lead role in Ti West's critically acclaimed horror film The House of the Devil, winning Best Actress at the 2009 LA Screamfest, and young version of Barbara Hershey's character in Insidious: Chapter 2. In 2015 Donahue starred in the crime thriller The Frontier, and appeared in …The sleepwalking scene is a critically celebrated scene from William Shakespeare 's tragedy Macbeth (1606). Carrying a taper (candlestick), Lady Macbeth enters sleepwalking. The Doctor and the Gentlewoman stand aside to observe. The Doctor asks how Lady Macbeth came to have the light. The Gentlewoman replies she …"Amy's Choice" is the seventh episode of the fifth series of the British science fiction television series Doctor Who. It first broadcast on BBC One on 15 May 2010. It was written by sitcom writer Simon Nye and directed by Catherine Morshead.. In the episode, the Eleventh Doctor, a time travelling alien played by Matt Smith, and …Are you tired of spending hours searching for reliable information online? Look no further than Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia that has become a go-to resource for millions of pe...Doctor Sleep (Book) Tony becomes the thought to be 'imaginary friend' of Abra Stone, a young girl from New England very powerful with the Shining (more so than Dan/Danny). Tony is never described or said to be seen in the book, just mentioned as Abra's imaginary friend. While a small child, Abra communicates with, now known as, Dan Torrance ...Doctor Sleep (English) 0 references. genre. horror film. 0 references. country of origin. United Kingdom. 1 reference. imported from Wikimedia project. French Wikipedia. original language of film or TV show. English. 1 reference. imported from Wikimedia project. English Wikipedia. publication date. 2002.Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, is a household name in today’s digital era. With its vast collection of articles on almost every topic imaginable, it has become the go-to source ...Dr. Ferdinand. 2014, Trophy Heads, Brother Humphrey. 2016, Another Brick in the Wall, Roy. 2017, Gerald's Game, Moonlight Man. 2019, Doctor Sleep, Grandpa Flick ...The Doctor Sleep movie retroactively makes clear that Jack Torrance was indeed being influenced by the Overlook, but Flanagan also allows the audience to maintain that Jack was also going insane.Robin McLaurin Williams (July 21, 1951 – August 11, 2014) was an American actor and comedian. Known for his improvisational skills and the wide variety of characters he created on the spur of the moment and portrayed on film, in dramas and comedies alike, he is regarded as one of the greatest comedians of all time. He received …Doctor Sleep review – The Shining sequel has its own spooky sparkle. This article is more than 4 years old. Mike Flanagan offers a spirited rendition of Stephen King’s follow-up novel.Lorraine Massey is a minor antagonist in The Shining and Doctor Sleep and their adaptations. In the past, Lorraine was known to seduce young bell boys into her room, where they would engage in sexual acts. Full of self-disgust, she one day committed suicide by slitting her wrists whilst taking a bath. After her death, she continues to haunt the …Lorraine Massey is a minor antagonist in The Shining and Doctor Sleep and their adaptations. In the past, Lorraine was known to seduce young bell boys into her room, where they would engage in sexual acts. Full of self-disgust, she one day committed suicide by slitting her wrists whilst taking a bath. After her death, she …Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep? (retrospectively titled Blade Runner: Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep? in some later printings) is a 1968 dystopian science fiction novel by American writer Philip K. Dick.It is set in a post-apocalyptic San Francisco, where Earth's life has been greatly damaged by a nuclear global war, leaving most animal species … OCLC. 793575424. [ edite no Wikidata] Doutor Sono é um romance de horror do escritor norte-americano Stephen King. É o 61º livro publicado de Stephen King, e é o seu 50º romance, e o 43º em seu próprio nome. É uma sequência do seu romance O iluminado (1977), lançado em setembro de 2013. [ 1] King declarou que ele é "um retorno do ... Doctor Sleep is a film directed by Mike Flanagan with Ewan McGregor, Rebecca Ferguson, Kyliegh Curran, Zahn McClarnon .... Year: 2019. Original title: Doctor Sleep. Synopsis: This sequel to "The Shining" begins as Danny Torrance (McGregor) carries the trauma of the Overlook Hotel into adulthood. He’s become a reflection of his murderous ... Before I Go to Sleep is the first novel by S. J. Watson, published in the spring of 2011.It became both a Sunday Times and The New York Times bestseller and has been translated into over 40 languages, and has become a bestseller in France, Canada, Bulgaria and the Netherlands. It reached number 7 on the US bestseller list, the highest position for a …Twilight sleep (English translation of the German word Dämmerschlaf) [1] [2] is an amnesic state characterized by insensitivity to pain with or without the loss of consciousness, induced by an injection of morphine and scopolamine, with the purpose of pain management during childbirth. [3] The obstetric method …Ewan McGregor, çocukluk travmasıyla mücadele eden psişik yeteneklere sahip bir adam olan Danny Torrance olarak başrolü oynuyor. Doktor Uyku. Doctor Sleep.When it comes to getting a good night’s sleep, the mattress you choose can make all the difference. With so many mattress options available, it can be overwhelming to decide which ...A common treatment for a conjunctival cyst on the eye is antibiotics and eye drops, according to Reference.com. In some cases, an eye doctor may choose to surgically remove an eye ...Dr. David M. Rapoport, M.D., is a professor of pulmonology at the Icahn School of Medicine and the Sleep Medicine Research Program Director at Mount Sinai in New York City. He is a leading authority on sleep apnea and holds multiple patents for innovations in nasal CPAP treatment. Dr. Rapoport founded the Foundation for …The True Knot are a group of quasi-immortal "vampires" who employ torture to feed on the life force, known to them as "steam," of children who are gifted with the Shining. They are an unknowably old group, and there were at one point so many of them that there were many splinter groups — hence their being the "True" Knot. They are a main antagonist in …Jan 24, 2020 · Doctor Sleep ’s newly released director’s cut confirms both the strengths and weaknesses of the recent Stephen King adaptation’s theatrical version. The director’s cut clocks is about 24 ... Nov 8, 2019 · Doctor Sleep may not diagnose you to the land of nod, but tediously drains your shining spirit. Director Mike Flanagan had an unfathomable task. To both adapt a Stephen King novel, which is no easy achievement considering his uniquely descriptive writing style, and provide a sequel to what many describe as “the greatest horror film of all ... At home, the family is unable to sleep. On her way to work, Jill observes that the whole neighborhood is awake. Psychiatrist Dr. Murphy explains that people ...In Doctor Sleep ’s theatrical cut, Abra’s big entrance comes during her birthday party when she shocks her parents by getting all of the spoons in the kitchen to levitate against the ceiling ...Doctor Sleep. The Shining centers on Jack Torrance, a struggling writer and recovering alcoholic who accepts a position as the off-season caretaker of the ...Launched in early 2001, Wikipedia is a free, Web-based encyclopedia that is fully accessible to every user. As an online reference site, it includes entries in nearly every languag...The True Knot are a nomadic tribe of quasi-immortal people with dark psychic powers and they served as the main antagonistic group in the 2013 Stephen King novel and its 2019 film Doctor Sleep, which is a sequel to the 1977 Stephen King novel and its 1980 film The Shining. The True Knot are a group of wandering psychics who …The Russian Sleep Experiment is a creepypasta which tells the tale of 5 test subjects being exposed to an experimental sleep-inhibiting stimulant in a Soviet-era scientific experiment, and has become the basis of an urban legend. Many news organizations, including Snopes, News.com.au, and LiveAbout, trace the story's origins to a website, …The Black Sleep is a 1956 American independent horror film directed by Reginald LeBorg, and written by John C. Higgins from a story by Gerald Drayson Adams.It stars Basil Rathbone, Lon Chaney Jr., John Carradine, Bela Lugosi, and Akim Tamiroff. Tor Johnson appears in a supporting role. The film was produced by Aubrey Schenck and Howard W. …Richard Phillips Feynman (/ ˈ f aɪ n m ə n /; May 11, 1918 – February 15, 1988) was an American theoretical physicist, known for his work in the path integral formulation of quantum mechanics, the theory of quantum electrodynamics, the physics of the superfluidity of supercooled liquid helium, as well as his work in particle physics for which he …Getting a good night’s sleep is essential for overall health and wellbeing. Unfortunately, many people struggle to get the quality sleep they need. Eight Sleep is a revolutionary s...Lorraine Massey is a minor antagonist in The Shining and Doctor Sleep and their adaptations. In the past, Lorraine was known to seduce young bell boys into her room, where they would engage in sexual acts. Full of self-disgust, she one day committed suicide by slitting her wrists whilst taking a bath. After her death, she …2019. (as actor) Known for. The Shining. Spouse. Jessi Diana Brackett. Children. 4. Daniel Edward Sidney Lloyd (born October 13, 1972) is an American former child actor, best known for his role as Danny Torrance in the horror film The Shining (1980), an adaptation of Stephen King 's 1977 novel of the same name. Danny Torrance. Daniel Anthony Torrance, also known as Doc, Danny and later Doctor Sleep, is a fictional character who first appears in the 1977 novel The Shining by Stephen King as a child with psychic powers called "the shining". His parents are father Jack Torrance and mother Wendy Torrance. The character was portrayed in the 1980 film ... Doctor Sleep, 2019-yilda Mike Flanagan tomonidan ishlangan, Warner Bros. Pictures tomonidan tarqatilgan Amerika dahshatli filmi. Manbalar [ tahrir | manbasini tahrirlash ] ↑ „Can 'The Shining' Sequel 'Doctor Sleep' Awaken the Box Office?“ . 安眠醫生 (電影) 《 睡梦医生 》(英語: Doctor Sleep ,香港、新加坡、台湾译《 安眠醫生 》)是一部於2019年上映的 美國 精神 奇幻 心理 恐怖電影 ,改編自 史蒂芬·金 的2013年 同名小說 ,該書是他1977年小說《 闪灵 》的續集,《闪灵》於1980年被改編成由 ... Doctor Sleep (Book) Tony becomes the thought to be 'imaginary friend' of Abra Stone, a young girl from New England very powerful with the Shining (more so than Dan/Danny). Tony is never described or said to be seen in the book, just mentioned as Abra's imaginary friend. While a small child, Abra communicates with, now …Doctor Sleep (Q3657739) From Wikidata. Jump to navigation Jump to search. novel by Stephen King. edit. Language Label Description Also known as; English: Doctor Sleep. novel by Stephen King. Statements. instance of. literary work. 1 reference. imported from Wikimedia project. English Wikipedia. inception. 2013. 0 references. title. Doctor Sleep is a 2019 American supernatural horror film written and directed by Mike Flanagan. It is based on the 2013 novel of the same name by Stephen King, a sequel to King's 1977 novel The Shining. It is the second film in The Shining franchise. The film, which also serves as a sequel to the 1980 film adaptation of The Shining, directed by Stanley Kubrick, is set several decades after the ...

Aug 12, 2020 · In Stephen King 's original novel, the Overlook burns down at the end of The Shining, but the film leaves it standing, seemingly waiting for the next caretakers. The movie version of Doctor Sleep ... . Ny jets subreddit

doctor sleep wikipedia

Conrad Robert Murray (born February 19, 1953) is a Grenadian-American former cardiologist who was the personal physician of Michael Jackson, providing medical treatment to help him sleep on the day Jackson died in 2009. In 2011, Murray was convicted of involuntary manslaughter in Jackson's death for having inadvertently overdosed him …Doctor Sleep. Released. November 08th, 2019. Available Format (s) Theatrical Release. Director (s) Mike Flanagan. Writer (s) Mike Flanagan, Akiva …Daniel Anthony "Danny” Torrance (1975-2019) is the central protagonist of the Stephen King multiverse. Serving as the main protagonist of Stephen King's novel, The Shining, …In Stephen King's 2013 sequel, Doctor Sleep, which occurs several years after the events of The Shining, Hallorann remains close with Wendy and Danny, and becomes something of a mentor to the latter. One night, Danny wakes up to use the restroom, only to encounter Lorraine Massey, one of the spirits from The Overlook, prompting Wendy to call …River Song is a fictional character created by Steven Moffat and played by Alex Kingston in the British science-fiction series Doctor Who.River Song was introduced to the series as an experienced future companion of series protagonist the Doctor, an alien Time Lord who travels through time in his TARDIS.Because River Song is a time traveller herself, her …Polyphasic sleep is the practice of sleeping during multiple periods over the course of 24 hours, in contrast to monophasic sleep, which is one period of sleep within 24 hours. Biphasic (or diphasic, bifurcated, or bimodal) sleep refers to two periods, while polyphasic usually means more than two. Segmented sleep and divided sleep … Doctor Sleep. Doctor Sleep ou Docteur Sleep au Québec ( Doctor Sleep) est un film d'horreur psychologique américain réalisé, écrit et monté par Mike Flanagan, sorti en 2019. Il s'agit autant de l' adaptation du roman Docteur Sleep (2013) de Stephen King que de la suite centrée sur le personnage de « Danny Torrance » du film Shining ... Por que ele estava interessado em dirigir o Doctor Sleep, Flanagan afirmou: "Ele aborda os temas mais atraentes para mim, que são os traumas de infância que levam à idade adulta, o vício, o colapso de uma família e os efeitos posteriores, décadas depois." [9] De junho a novembro de 2018, o elenco foi montado. [10] [11]Rose O'Hara (also known as Rose the Hat) is the main antagonist in the Doctor Sleep novel and its film adaptation. She is a sorceress and the semi-immortal leader of a nomadic tribe of quasi-demonic vampires known as the "True Knot". Rose and her followers are known to seek out children with telepathic …Sep 24, 2013 · Doctor Sleep. On highways across America, a tribe of people called The True Knot travel in search of sustenance. They look harmless—mostly old, lots of polyester, and married to their RVs. But as Dan Torrance knows, and tween Abra Stone learns, The True Knot are quasi-immortal, living off the “steam” that children with the “shining ... Thyroid problems can cause lots of different symptoms — including problems with sleep, energy levels, memory and moods. If you’re concerned about a thyroid problem and you can’t ge...Benjamin Spock. Benjamin McLane Spock (May 2, 1903 – March 15, 1998) was an American pediatrician [1] and left-wing political activist [2] whose book Baby and Child Care (1946) is one of the best-selling books of the twentieth century, selling 500,000 copies in the six months after its initial publication in 1946 and 50 million by the time of ...Lorraine Massey is a minor antagonist in The Shining and Doctor Sleep and their adaptations. In the past, Lorraine was known to seduce young bell boys into her room, where they would engage in sexual acts. Full of self-disgust, she one day committed suicide by slitting her wrists whilst taking a bath. After her death, she continues to haunt the ….

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